BALANCING ACT: MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MASS TOURISM

Abstract

This study examines the economic and environmental effects of mass tourism, highlighting the key factors influencing these impacts. While tourism has grown into a vital global economic driver in recent years, this expansion has also resulted in significant environmental challenges. Mass tourism disrupts natural habitats, depletes ecosystems, and threatens biodiversity. This research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques to analyze the economic and environmental consequences of mass tourism. The study involves 30 tourists, 30 local residents, and 30 environmental officials, all selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through survey questionnaires. Findings indicate that stricter regulations are necessary to protect fragile soil environments in heavily visited areas. Infrastructure expansion and increased tourist influx contribute to soil degradation and erosion. Moreover, the high volume of foot traffic compacts soil, reducing its fertility. Mass tourism also significantly affects biodiversity and increases waste generation in tourist destinations. Strong collaboration between tourism stakeholders and environmental organizations is essential in mitigating these adverse effects. Additionally, waste accumulation from mass tourism causes extensive environmental harm, further emphasizing the need for sustainable tourism policies. The concept of "carrying capacity limits" in sustainable tourism ensures that popular destinations manage visitor numbers effectively, preventing environmental degradation, minimizing disruptions to local communities, and maintaining the overall visitor experience. Developing transport hubs that encourage public and eco-friendly transportation can reduce reliance on private vehicles. Additionally, enforcing edge regulations to control new construction in historic and environmentally sensitive areas is vital for preservation. These measures play a crucial role in urban planning, promoting conservation efforts and safeguarding natural resources.