DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN TECH SMART BUILDING USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLERS AND ESP 8266 WITH ESCALATOR MECHATRONICS SYSTEM

Abstract

This study presents the development of a Green Tech Smart Building designed to promote secure, sustainable, and automated infrastructure. The system integrates Arduino microcontrollers and ESP8266 modules to operate various Internet of Things (IoT)-based features, including an automated lighting system, biometric door lock, escalator with infrared (IR) sensor logic for persons with disabilities (PWD) access, revolving door, and a roofing mechatronics system. These components aim to enhance safety, energy efficiency, accessibility, and environmental adaptability across four designated floors: the lower ground (biometric door), lower to upper ground (escalator), rooftop (roofing system), and main entrance (revolving door). The researchers employed the Experimental Prototyping Method to construct a working miniature of the proposed smart building. The roofing system incorporates a rain sensor and two touch panel sensors for automatic and manual operation. The escalator features true and false IR sensors, with the false sensor triggering a servo motor to block unauthorized upward access, ensuring one-way safety for PWDs. The biometric door system requires both RFID and fingerprint verification, with a touch panel override for internal exit. The revolving door operates based on RFID activation, enabling the passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect presence. IoT lighting is managed through the Cadio app and relay modules, while a humidity sensor activates a cooling mechanism in response to thermal stress. The prototype successfully demonstrated its intended functions. The roofing system closed automatically in response to rainfall and accepted manual input via touch sensors. The escalator enabled safe one-way movement, with servo motors effectively blocking access from restricted directions. The biometric door ensured dual authentication with minimal delay. The revolving door was operational only when RFID activation enabled the PIR sensor. The IoT lighting system responded promptly to app controls, and the humidity sensor reliably activated the cooling system during high-temperature conditions. All microcontroller-based subsystems performed stably and provided real-time responses. The findings validated the functionality, reliability, and efficiency of the Green Tech Smart Building system. Sensor-based automation enhanced both user safety and environmental responsiveness. The escalator's closed-loop logic and rain-responsive roofing system provided proactive mechanical control. IoT integration contributed to improved user convenience and energy conservation. Although minor sensor response delays occurred during extended operation, the prototype offers a promising model for scalable and eco-friendly smart building solutions.