DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR-BASED ATS ROBOTIC WEATHER MONITORING TECHNOLOGY USING ARDUINO MEGA 2560 AND ESP32

Abstract

The advancement of technology continues to reshape various aspects of modern life, particularly through innovations that enhance efficiency, security, and sustainability. This study focuses on the development of a solar-based Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) robotic weather monitoring system that integrates renewable energy with automation and sensor technologies. Designed to perform environmental monitoring tasks such as weather tracking, AI-based recommendations, motion detection, and IoT interaction, the system is powered by Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 microcontrollers. It also incorporates a user-friendly interface via the Blynk platform, offering enhanced control and accessibility for end-users. This study adopts the Experimental Prototyping Method to assess the impact of user-centered design and iterative development on functional robotic systems. The research aims to demonstrate how experimental prototyping facilitates the conversion of conceptual designs into operational solutions. Components were assembled and tested systematically, including solar power integration, sensor calibration, control logic, and interface configuration. Adjustments were made to wiring and layout to ensure optimal performance and safety. All system components operated effectively within the main control unit. Wiring adjustments were implemented to ensure proper configuration and to prevent short circuits. Inverters were used to regulate the current and protect the circuitry from overload. The ESP32 successfully connected to Wi-Fi and enabled smartphone-based control. The Arduino Mega 2560 functioned as expected, managing sensor input and executing control code. The Automatic Transfer Switch demonstrated a 95% success rate in transferring power to the backup supply during simulated outages, ensuring uninterrupted operation. The successful development of the solar-based ATS robotic weather monitoring system confirmed the feasibility of integrating embedded systems with renewable energy for real-time environmental monitoring. The prototype demonstrated reliable performance in simulating off-grid conditions, making it suitable for agricultural or remote field applications. The use of Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 allowed efficient communication between sensors and user interfaces, while solar power ensured sustainability. This project highlights the potential of combining automation and renewable energy in developing resilient and scalable monitoring technologies.