EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK USE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF 3RD YEAR EDUCATION STUDENTS

Abstract

Facebook, established in 2004, has evolved into the largest social networking platform, enabling users to interact, share interests, information, and opinions. Its user base has grown consistently, with individuals utilizing the platform for entertainment, communication, and information sharing. While Facebook offers benefits such as social connectivity, its impact on psychological well-being, particularly among late adolescents aged 19-21, warrants careful consideration. Facebook can enhance social skills by providing a platform for users to engage in discussions, share experiences, and maintain relationships, thereby fostering a sense of community and belonging. This connectivity can contribute positively to users' self-esteem and overall well-being.​  Negative Impacts  However, excessive use of Facebook has been associated with negative psychological outcomes. Studies have shown that higher levels of social media use among adolescents and young adults are linked to increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, excessive use can disrupt sleep patterns, further exacerbating mental health issues. ​  Moreover, the addictive nature of social media platforms can lead to a cycle of seeking external validation, which may undermine self-esteem and contribute to stress. In this study, a quantitative-descriptive research design was employed to assess the effects of a specific variable on a target population. This approach facilitated the statistical analysis of relationships among variables, aligning with the study's primary objectives.​  Data Collection  A survey questionnaire was administered to gather ungraded responses from the participants. This method enabled the collection of vital information pertinent to the study's focus. The utilization of a quantitative approach allowed for the examination of interrelations among variables and facilitated statistical analysis to address the main research purpose.​  Sampling Technique  A random sampling technique was implemented, involving 135 respondents from Bestlink College of the Philippines. Random sampling enhances the generalizability of the findings by reducing selection bias and ensuring that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. The study investigated the impact of Facebook usage on various aspects of students' psychological well-being, yielding the following mean scores:​  Behavior: 2.98​ Social Interaction: 3.09​ Openness to Experience: 3.22​ Conscientiousness: 3.06​ Extraversion: 3.13​ Agreeableness: 3.27​ Neuroticism: 3.18​ These findings suggest that Facebook usage may facilitate emotional expression, ease in approaching others, and enjoyment in learning new ideas among students.​  Existing literature presents mixed results regarding the impact of Facebook on psychological well-being. Some studies indicate that intensive Facebook usage is associated with both positive outcomes, such as enhanced online social relationship satisfaction, and negative outcomes, including diminished offline social relationship satisfaction. Additionally, other research has found that Facebook usage can positively affect psychological well-being through increased perceived social support and online social relationship satisfaction, while also negatively impacting well-being via reduced offline social relationship satisfaction. ​ Social Learning Theory, originally proposed by Albert Bandura, posits that individuals can acquire new behaviors through the observation and imitation of others within a social context. This cognitive process emphasizes that learning can occur without direct reinforcement or motor reproduction, highlighting the significance of modeling and observational learning.​  In the context of contemporary education, integrating social learning tools, such as Facebook, can enhance the teaching-learning experience, particularly for Generation Z learners who are adept with digital technologies. Cilliers (2021) reflects on the potential of these tools to improve educational outcomes by aligning with the preferences and characteristics of modern learners. ​  Utilizing Facebook as an educational resource offers several benefits:​   Enhanced Social Interaction: Facebook provides a platform for students to engage in discussions, collaborate on projects, and share resources, thereby fostering a sense of community and improving communication skills. ​  Increased Engagement: The interactive nature of Facebook can motivate students to participate more actively in their learning process, making education more engaging and relatable. ​  Development of Digital Competencies: By integrating Facebook into educational activities, students can develop essential digital literacy skills, preparing them for the demands of the modern workforce. ​   Researchers recommend leveraging these advantages by incorporating Facebook into educational strategies to enhance students' attitudes and social skills. This approach aligns with Social Learning Theory, as students observe and emulate positive behaviors within their online communities, leading to improved social competencies and academic outcomes.​   In conclusion, thoughtfully integrating Facebook into educational practices can serve as a valuable tool to support social learning, thereby enriching the educational experience and fostering essential social skills among students.