LIFE SATISFACTION AND NEEDS OF PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY (PDL):TOWARDS PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

This study explores the multifaceted impacts of incarceration beyond the deprivation of physical liberty, including the loss of self-worth and social disconnection. It emphasizes the importance of using politically correct terminology such as "Persons Deprived of Liberty" (PDL) to minimize stigma and enhance inmates’ self-perception. The overcrowded state of the Philippine correctional system and its rapidly increasing population further underscore the need for immediate reforms, particularly in rehabilitation and reintegration programs aimed at supporting inmates' well-being and reducing recidivism. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs). Thirty PDLs aged 19 to 57 participated in the survey, with seven randomly selected for FGDs. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to assess life satisfaction, revealing that 46.7% of respondents reported being satisfied despite their incarceration. A negative correlation was observed between life satisfaction and the number of years remaining in the sentence, suggesting higher satisfaction levels as release approached. FGDs identified boredom, interpersonal conflicts with dormitory mates, and financial difficulties as key concerns. To cope, participants engaged in activities such as exercise, meditation, and educational programs. Positive interactions with jail personnel and the availability of skills development programs were also found to enhance life satisfaction. The results highlighted common concerns among PDLs, including boredom, strained relationships within the facility, and financial hardships. Despite these challenges, many inmates reported engaging in self-improvement activities such as regular exercise, participation in learning programs, and personal reflection. Inmates cited respectful treatment by jail staff and access to development initiatives as important contributors to their overall life satisfaction during incarceration. In response to the identified needs, the proposed intervention titled “Program Pagbangon” aims to support PDLs in their transition back into society. The program consists of six modules focusing on reality orientation, problem-solving, skills development, psychological resilience, reintegration planning, and community involvement. Designed for implementation during the six months prior to release, the program seeks to promote successful reintegration and reduce the risk of reoffending. The findings underscore the importance of rehabilitation programs that address both the psychological and practical needs of PDLs, ultimately enhancing their life satisfaction and supporting their long-term reintegration into the community.