AN ANALYSIS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTOR AFFECTING THE INCREASING CRIME INCIDENTS IN BARANGAY 33, ZONE 3, DISTRICT 1, TONDO, MANILA

Abstract

This study analyzes socio‑economic factors contributing to rising crime incidents in Barangay 33, Zone 3, District 1, Tondo, Manila, a densely populated area with significant economic disadvantages. Drawing on Shaw and McKay’s Social Disorganization Theory, which posits that weakened social institutions and community cohesion foster higher crime rates, the research examines how variables such as poverty, unemployment, and educational attainment influence criminal activity in this neighborhood. A purposive sampling technique selects sixty residents of Barangay 33 who possess firsthand knowledge of local conditions. A structured questionnaire gathers demographic information and perceptions of socio‑economic challenges, poverty levels, joblessness, housing quality, and access to social services and their impact on crime prevalence. Data are analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational measures to identify patterns between socio‑economic indicators and reported crime incidents. Respondents ranged in age from 18 to over 55, with the largest group aged 25–34 (30 percent) and the smallest aged 18–24 (11.7 percent). Analysis revealed that high poverty rates (mean = 4.12 on a 5‑point scale) and chronic unemployment (mean = 3.98) were perceived as primary contributors to local crime. Limited educational opportunities (mean = 3.75) and inadequate housing conditions (mean = 3.60) also correlated with increased criminal incidents. Correlational analysis showed a strong positive association between poverty levels and crime rates (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). The findings indicated that socio‑economic deprivation particularly poverty and unemployment, drove crime in Barangay 33, confirming Social Disorganization Theory’s applicability in this context. As a result, the study recommended targeted interventions: job creation programs, vocational training initiatives, and community policing to strengthen social institutions. Improving access to education and affordable housing was also advised to reduce the root causes of criminal behavior. These measures were expected to foster community resilience and lower crime rates over time.