An Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Bambusa vulgaris Methanolic Extract

Abstract

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is any diagnosis, treatment or prevention that supplements standard medication by adding to a typical entire by fulfilling a request not met by conventionality or by enhancing the calculated structure of drug (Mollassiotis et al., 2005). Over a period, modern pharmaceutical companies have encountered many cases of antibiotic resistance emerged in susceptible pathogens (Bush, 2004). Bambusa vulgaris or commonly known as bamboo or kauayan-killing, is awell-known species of bamboo cultivated in South East Asia. Globally, recent scientific studies show the emerging proliferation of cases of cancer and tumour, and bacterial infections (Whole et al., 2006). Likewise, therapeutic agents for these well-known diseases are highly expensive and limited. Generally, the study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris. The research study goes with the following methodology: (1) Collection of plant material (Bambusa vulgaris) in Golden Haven, Las Piñas City. (2) Extraction of a methanolic and crude extract of Bambusa vulgaris. (3) Phytochemical Screening of the crude extract in different tests. (4) Antioxidant Activity of Bambusa vulgaris sample using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. (5) Cytotoxic Activity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. (6) In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Bambusa vulgaris using Kirby Bauer Susceptibility Test and Resazurin Microtiter Assay Plate Testing. (7) Statistical Analysis and Risk Assessment.Bambusa vulgaris contains phytochemical compounds such as proteins, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. The antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extract has 38% DPPH Scavenged at the highest concentration (1000μL/mL) which has little activity using DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of the plant extract has 69% lethality at 1000μL/mL. In the antibacterial activity, using Kirby Bauer Susceptibility Plate Test, the statistical analysis shows that S. aureus has 0.3632 p-value and 0.0000 in E. coli. While, in Resazurin Microtiter Plate Assay, S. aureus has 3.88 p-value and 0.0013 value in E. coli. In conclusion, there are no significant differences in the concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, while the concentration of the plant extracts has significant differences in Escherichia coli. The research results, therefore, conclude that the concentrations of methanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris have significant differences in the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity. Significantly, the Kirby Bauer Susceptibility Test and Resazurin Microtiter Plate Assay show that the extract of Bamboo has significant differences in Escherichia coli but has no significance in Staphylococcus aureus.