Digestive Gland Aberration and Mortality of Pomacea canaliculata (Golden Apple Snail) applied with Gliricidia sepium (Kakawate) Leaves Ethanolic Extracts: A Potential Bio-Molluscicide

Authors

  • Zandre Isabelle A. Cruzado
  • Ma. Peach N. Ogbac
  • Elmo Louis B. Muros

Keywords:

golden apple snail, morphology, phytochemicals, internal anatomy, digestive gland

Abstract

Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) is an invasive pest of rice. It can destroy1 m2of field overnight resulting in50% yield loss (Rice Knowledge Bank, 2017). Several studies observed how various plant extracts affect this pest. One is through its digestive gland that produces various chemicals to break down its food. Thus, the study investigated the possible mortality and aberration in the digestive gland of Pomacea canaliculata applied withGliricidia sepium (Kakawate) leaves ethanolic extracts. The extraction was done through maceration and rotary evaporation with a sufficient amount of 95% ethanol. The extracts were tested for their phytochemicals. Five treatments replicated four times were prepared: T1= 164 mg/ml, T2= 328 mg/ml, T3= 492 mg/ml, T4= 39.36x103 mg crude extract and T5=negative control (distilled water). Ten snails were placed in each set-up. The set-ups were sprayed with various treatments and observed for seven days. Morphology of the digestive gland and mortality of the snails were evaluated. Results revealed that alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were present in the plant extract. One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the number of dead snails among treatments (F=236.44; p=.000). Scheffe test showed that among the treatments, T4= 39.36×103mg crude extract of G.sepiumhas the highest number of snails killed (x=9.75). Morphology of the internal anatomy of the dead snails showed constricted and aberrated digestive gland with white cracks that caused their paralysis and rapid decomposition. The results proved that G.sepiumwas more effective at higher concentrations against golden apple snail.

Published

2018-05-18