Larvicidal Activity of Jatropha curcas (Tuba-Tuba) Leaf Extract Against Aedes Aegypti Mosquito
Keywords:
lethal concentration, mortality rate, 3rd/early 4th instars larvae, larvicidal activityAbstract
INTRODUCTION
Like some mosquito-borne diseases, dengue fever has no specific treatment, but we can prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases through natural orvicide or larvicide (Mosquito World, 2018). Jatropha curcas (Tuba-tuba) is a readily available biomass in existence and can be used as a larvicide. Hence, this research focuses on the use of Tuba-tuba leaf extract as a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.
METHODS
Tuba-tuba leaves were gathered, authenticated and dried, then soaked in 95% ethanol and was processed for extraction. The method used to test the extract on Aedes aegypti mosquito was adopted from the Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicide of WHO (2005). The extract was tested using four treatments from 5,000ppm to 30,000ppm and a control using deionized water with5% ethanol. After 24 hours exposure, larval mortality was recorded and pooled for analysis using linear regression probit analysis and one way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The larvicidal activity of Tuba-tuba leaves against Aedes aegypti mosquito 3rd/early 4th instar larvae was observed at concentration range from 5,000 ppm to 30,000 ppm that yielded percentage larval death from 8.33 ± 2.98% to 93.33 ± 5.77% after 24 hours exposure period, while no larval death was observed at the control using de-ionized water with 5% ethanol during the 24 hours of exposure period. The results from the One-Way ANOVA test shows that the p-value is lower than the critical value, thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The lethal concentration at 50% and 90% larval kill or LC50 and LC90 were estimated at 14,851ppm and 33,598ppm respectively with linear regression equation of Y=3.61x -10.06.
DISCUSSIONS
There was a significant difference between the concentrations of Tuba-tuba leaf extract in terms of mortality rate. The results show that the Jatropha curcas leaf extract could serve as a potential larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae.
