CHALLENGES OF THE SELECTED SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN CABIAO AND SAN ISIDRO NUEVA ECIJA WITH LIMITED ACCESS TO BUSINESS AND MANAGAMENT SKILLS

Abstract

Despite the Philippines being widely recognized for its agricultural resources, many smallholder farmers continue to face numerous issues that hinder their productivity and livelihood. These challenges have consistently affected farmers’ ability to sustain and improve their operations. Thus, this study aimed to identify the challenges encountered by smallholder farmers due to limited access to markets and management skills. This study employed a phenomenological research method using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews served as the primary data collection strategy and were supported by note-taking and audio recordings. Participants were identified through purposive sampling based on specific criteria and a preliminary questionnaire. The study focused on twenty (20) selected smallholder farmers in Cabiao and San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, who relied solely on their own labor and resources to produce food or other agricultural goods. Most participants were between 41 and 60 years old, all twenty farmers were male, and the majority had been engaged in farming for 21 to 30 years. The findings revealed several challenges encountered by the participants, including issues with middlemen, negative effects of the Rice Tariffication Law, lack of managerial skills and resources, and insufficient government support. The results also showed that some farmers did not actively address these difficulties, while others coped by obtaining information from fellow farmers, attending seminars, and borrowing money. Participants further recommended that the Rice Tariffication Law be repealed, formal lending systems be established, government support be strengthened, and that the prices of agricultural inputs be reduced while grain prices are increased. The study concluded that smallholder farmers lack adequate management skills, which limits their access to markets and affects overall productivity. Developing management skills was identified as essential for improving market access and enhancing farm management efficiency. Strengthening these competencies may lead to better outcomes for smallholder farmers and improved sustainability of their farming practices.