THE EFFICACY OF GUMAMELA (HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS L.) EXTRACT AS A MAIN INGREDIENT IN PRODUCING HIGHLIGHTER INK

Abstract

Ink is widely used across the world, adding color to paper for writing, highlighting, and artistic purposes. Marker and highlighter inks commonly contain chemical components that may pose risks to human health. Synthetic inks often include metals and other substances that are non-edible and harmful to the environment. In response to these concerns, this study focused on developing a plant-based alternative ink using gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) extract to help reduce pollution associated with conventional ink production. An experimental research design was employed in this study. The researchers developed an alternative highlighter ink using three different formulations derived from gumamela extract. The experimental approach allowed for modification and refinement of the formulations based on the outcomes of the experimentation. All formulations were tested for usability, although further enhancement was required to improve performance. Formulations 1 and 2 produced identical results in terms of appearance, odor, texture, and drying time, despite differences in boiling procedures and formulation methods. In contrast, Formulation 3 demonstrated a similar texture but differed in drying time and color intensity due to variations in processing techniques. Among the three, Formulation 1 was selected as the final product because it exhibited superior consistency and a more vibrant color. The experiment examined ink formulations composed of gumamela flowers, vinegar, and salt, yielding promising outcomes. The three formulations displayed variations in color, odor, texture, boiling process, and drying time. Extensive testing highlighted their potential as substitute inks for highlighter pens. The results underscore the viability of gumamela flowers as a natural ink source, given their ability to produce consistent color and maintain a uniform texture suitable for highlighting purposes.