Larvicidal Potential of Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) Root Extracts Against Mosquitoes

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases remain one of the most prevalent issues regarding global health. As a result, control programs have been implemented utilizing mosquito control agents, specifically larvicides. However, commercially available larvicides yield adverse effects on human health and the environment, thus calling for the development of novel and safer alternatives. This study aims to assess the larvicidal potential of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) root extracts as a possible bio-larvicide. An experimental design was utilized. A larvicidal bioassay was conducted wherein Malunggay root extracts were tested for larvicidal activity at the following concentrations: 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, against standard laboratory-reared mosquitoes of the 4th instar stage. Each concentration was added to separate 100 mL beakers with exposed water containing ten larvae. The mortality counts for each treatment of 4 replications were observed and tallied for 24 hours. The mortality data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the larvicidal activity of each concentration. The Malunggay root extracts displayed an overall moderate larvicidal activity under three hours. The extract at 100% concentration yielded the highest mortality rate at 9.8% out of 10%, the 75% concentration yielded 8.0%, while both 50% and 25% displayed no larvicidal activity. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship, with concentration playing a crucial role in the effectiveness of larvicidal treatments. The commercially available larvicide and the 100% extract of Malunggay roots demonstrate comparable larvicidal activity, indicating the potential of Malunggay roots as a bio-larvicidal alternative. Thus, conducting additional experiments, toxicity studies, field trials, and application of different formulations are recommended to pursue these results further.