Tannins From Citrus Limon L. (Lemon) Pulp Extract as an Active Component in the Ointment Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Staphylococcus aureus skin infections have always been a problem. Since we live in a tropical country, Filipinos are more prone to these diseases. A lot of ointments are out in the market as of now. However, these medicines are not reachable or are too expensive for people who live in places that are more prone -squatters' area. News also came out last 2016 stating that this bacterium became highly resistant to antibiotic. This study will not only open more doors for cure but it'll also be beneficial for people who can't afford expensive cure.

METHODS

2.3 kilograms of lemon pulp extract was extracted from 8 kilograms of lemon fruit. Two kilograms were used in extraction and 300 grams was allotted for phytochemical analysis. Two kilograms of lemon pulp extract was soaked in 95% ethanol for 48 hours, concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 60°C for two hours, then, it was further evaporated using water bath at 60°C until it was semi-solid. The extract was mixed with a base ointment. The ointment and Staphylococcus aureus was used in antibacterial assay. Different concentrations of lemon pulp extract ointment (20%, 15%, 10%), ethanol, and Terramycin (control) were used in the assay. After 24 hours, the zone of inhibition was measured.

RESULTS

The lemon ointment that had the highest zone of inhibition is the 20% concentration that inhibited 39 mm. Second, the control that inhibited 22 mm. Third, the 15% concentration that inhibited 20 mm. Fourth is the 10% concentration that inhibited 17 mm. Lastly, the ethanol that was not able to inhibit anything.

DISCUSSIONS

The study was able to prove the antibacterial activity of lemon against Staphylococcus aureus. The 20% concentration exhibited a significant difference compared to the control. It was able to inhibit more than the control. In the raw data, the 15% concentration had one set-up where it had a lower zone of inhibition compared to 10% concentration. Since the study only had one trial, conducting more will help in a more accurate result. This study is a good advancement in the field of medicine since it was able to prove the ability of lemon.